Amides, nitro compounds, nitriles
 

Home | Chemistry | Chemistry GCSE

Amides C_nH_2n+1CONH₂

Links

Amide " nitrile
Reagents: phosphorus(V) oxide
Conditions: heat.

6CH₃CONH₂ + P₄O₁₀  "  6CH₃CN + 4H₃PO₄

Amide " primary amine with one fewer carbon
Reagents: bromine in potassium hydroxide solution
Conditions: heat.

CH₃CONH₂ + Br₂ + 4KOH " CH₃NH₂ + 2KBr + K₂CO₃ + 2H₂O

Alkanes & alkenes
Arenes
Halogenoalkanes
Alcohols
Aldehydes and ketones
Carboxylic acids
Acyl chlorides
Amines
Nitro compounds
Nitriles
Amides

Nitriles C_nH_2n+1CN

Nitrile " carboxylic acid
Reagents: dilute hydrochloric acid
Conditions: boil under reflux.

CH₃CN + 2H₂O + HCl " CH₃COOH + NH₄Cl

Nitrile " primary amine
Reagents: sodium metal and ethanol
Conditions: heat under reflux.

CH₃CN + 4[H] " CH₃CH₂NH₂

Nitro compounds

Reduction of nitrobenzene → phenylamine
Reagents: tin metal and concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Conditions: heat under reflux on a boiling water bath.

C₆H₅NO₂ + 6[H] " C₆HNH₂ + 2H₂O